Geelong stands on Wadawurrung Country. Its name comes from Djilang, the Wadawurrung name for the area, often translated as “tongue of land”. The town was surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, and gazetted that October.
Gold at Ballarat in 1851 made it the main port for the central Victorian goldfields. It was also the port for Western District wool, with woollen mills from the 1860s until most closed by 1974. As a rail and shipping hub from the 1860s it picked up the nickname “The Pivot”.
Wikipedia and the Victorian Government both call it Victoria’s second-largest city. The council calls it Australia’s first and only UNESCO City of Design.